A potentially life-threatening condition where a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube. The pregnancy cannot proceed normally and can cause the fallopian tube to rupture, leading to severe internal bleeding. Requires immediate medical intervention.

• 1Transvaginal ultrasound
• 2Serial hCG blood tests
• 3Progesterone levels
• 4Culdocentesis (rarely used)
• 5Laparoscopy (diagnostic and therapeutic)
• 6CBC (to check for anemia/bleeding)

Life-threatening if rupture occurs without treatment. Mortality low (<0.5%) with modern care. Fertility after treatment: 60-70% chance of intrauterine pregnancy. 10-25% recurrence risk. Future fertility depends on tubal status and treatment type. Salpingostomy preserves fertility but has higher recurrence risk.

• Prompt treatment of sexually transmitted infections
• Smoking cessation
• Pelvic infection prevention
• Early prenatal care
• Risk factor screening
• Transvaginal ultrasound for early pregnancy confirmation in high-risk women