DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Chronic Condition

Diabetic Retinopathy

HIGH SEVERITY

A diabetes complication affecting the eyes, caused by damage to blood vessels in the retina. Leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Can progress from mild non-proliferative to proliferative retinopathy with neovascularization.

Global Affected

146.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Often asymptomatic early
Floaters
Blurred vision
Fluctuating vision
Dark/empty areas in vision
Poor night vision
Colors appearing faded
Vision loss

Treatment Options

Anti-VEGF injections
Laser photocoagulation
Panretinal photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
Intravitreal steroids
Aspirin (not contraindicated)
Blood pressure control
Glucose control

Risk Factors

1Duration of diabetes
2Poor glycemic control
3Hypertension
4Hyperlipidemia
5Pregnancy
6Smoking
7Nephropathy
8Genetic factors
9Obesity

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Dilated fundus examination
  • 2Fluorescein angiography
  • 3OCT (macular edema)
  • 4OCT angiography
  • 5Fundus photography
  • 6AI screening systems

Prognosis

Early detection critical; 95% vision loss preventable with timely treatment. 40-45% of diabetics have some retinopathy. Proliferative retinopathy: high risk of blindness without treatment.

Prevention

  • Tight glycemic control
  • Blood pressure control
  • Lipid management
  • Regular eye exams (annually)
  • Smoking cessation
  • Pregnancy planning

Research Status

Anti-VEGF injections (aflibercept, ranibizumab) revolutionized treatment. Faricimab (bispecific antibody) approved. AI screening algorithms (IDx-DR) FDA-approved. Sustained-release implants reducing injection burden. Fenofibrate showing promise for prevention.

Sources

  • https://medlineplus.gov
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.