DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Metabolic Disorder

Diabetes Mellitus

HIGH SEVERITY

A group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Types include Type 1 (autoimmune), Type 2 (insulin resistance), and gestational diabetes. Leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, and amputations.

Global Affected

537.0M

Countries

28

Symptoms

Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Irritability
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections

Treatment Options

Lifestyle modifications
Insulin (all types, pumps)
Metformin
Sulfonylureas
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors
GLP-1 receptor agonists
TZDs
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Meglitinides
Bariatric surgery
Artificial pancreas systems

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Obesity
3Sedentary lifestyle
4Age (over 45)
5Race/ethnicity
6Gestational diabetes history
7Polycystic ovary syndrome
8Hypertension
9Abnormal cholesterol
10Prediabetes

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Fasting plasma glucose
  • 2A1C test
  • 3Oral glucose tolerance test
  • 4Random blood sugar
  • 5Autoantibody testing (Type 1)
  • 6C-peptide test
  • 7Urine glucose and ketones

Prognosis

Chronic lifelong condition. Complications preventable with good control. Cardiovascular risk reduced with modern therapies. Life expectancy approaching normal with optimal care. Hypoglycemia main acute risk. Regular monitoring essential.

Prevention

  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Regular physical activity
  • Healthy diet
  • Regular screening
  • Manage blood pressure and cholesterol
  • Avoid smoking
  • Limited alcohol
  • Regular sleep

Research Status

CGM revolutionizing management. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA transforming Type 2 treatment. Artificial pancreas systems for Type 1. Stem cell therapy research. Immunotherapy for Type 1 in trials. Islet cell transplantation.

Sources

  • https://www.diabetes.org
  • https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.