DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Dermatomyositis

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare inflammatory disease affecting skin and muscles, causing muscle weakness and distinctive skin rash. Belongs to a group of conditions called inflammatory myopathies. Can occur at any age but most common in adults 40-60 and children 5-15. Associated with increased cancer risk in adults.

Global Affected

800.0K

Countries

28

Symptoms

Muscle weakness (proximal muscles)
Difficulty rising from chair
Difficulty climbing stairs
Difficulty lifting objects
Heliotrope rash (eyelids)
Gottron's papules (knuckles)
Photosensitivity
Scaly red skin patches
Fatigue
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
Lung involvement (interstitial lung disease)
Dysphagia
Joint pain

Treatment Options

High-dose corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate
IVIG
Rituximab
Tacrolimus
Cyclophosphamide (severe lung disease)
Topical corticosteroids
Hydroxychloroquine
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Sun protection
Cancer screening

Risk Factors

1Female gender (2:1 ratio)
2Age 40-60 (adult form)
3Age 5-15 (juvenile form)
4Cancer association (adults)
5Genetic factors
6Viral infections (suspected triggers)
7Medications (suspected)
8UV light exposure

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Muscle enzymes (CK, aldolase)
  • 2Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
  • 3Myositis-specific antibodies
  • 4Muscle biopsy
  • 5MRI of muscles
  • 6EMG (electromyography)
  • 7Skin biopsy
  • 8Chest CT (lung involvement)
  • 9Cancer screening (adults)

Prognosis

Variable. Most respond to treatment but relapses common. Juvenile form often resolves. Adult form chronic. 20% have significant disability. Mortality increased (10-year survival 70-80%). Interstitial lung disease serious complication. Cancer surveillance essential in adults. Early treatment improves outcomes.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Sun protection
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular cancer screening (adults)
  • Physical therapy to maintain function
  • Avoid trigger medications

Research Status

Corticosteroids first-line treatment. Immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine). IVIG for refractory cases. Rituximab increasingly used. Sun protection essential. Physical therapy crucial. Cancer screening in adults. Topical corticosteroids for skin. Hydroxychloroquine for skin.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatomyositis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.