DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Neurological Disease

Vascular Dementia

HIGH SEVERITY

Cognitive decline caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, typically from strokes or small vessel disease. Second most common dementia after Alzheimer's. Often coexists with Alzheimer's (mixed dementia). Stepwise progression correlating with vascular events.

Global Affected

50.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Memory problems
Difficulty planning/organizing
Slowed thinking
Trouble with decision-making
Depression
Apathy
Urinary problems
Gait disturbances
Emotional lability
Stepwise decline

Treatment Options

Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine)
Memantine
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics (cautious use)
Blood pressure control
Statins
Diabetes management
Anticoagulation (if AF)
Occupational therapy

Risk Factors

1Stroke history
2Hypertension
3Diabetes
4High cholesterol
5Smoking
6Obesity
7Physical inactivity
8Atrial fibrillation
9Heart disease
10Age
11Race (African American)
12Male gender

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Neuropsychological testing
  • 2Brain MRI (white matter changes, infarcts)
  • 3CT scan
  • 4History of stroke/TIA
  • 5Functional assessment
  • 6Blood tests (rule out reversible causes)
  • 7Amyloid PET (differentiate AD)

Prognosis

Progressive decline over 5-10 years. Stepwise deterioration with each vascular event. Higher mortality than Alzheimer's due to cardiovascular comorbidities. Prevention of further vascular events essential.

Prevention

  • Blood pressure control
  • Diabetes management
  • Cholesterol management
  • Smoking cessation
  • Regular exercise
  • Healthy diet
  • Anticoagulation for AF
  • Stroke prevention strategies

Research Status

No specific disease-modifying therapy. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine may help symptoms. Intensive vascular risk factor control may slow progression. Exercise and cognitive training beneficial. Amyloid PET helps differentiate from Alzheimer's.

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.