DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

Back to Globe
Pulmonary Disease

Severe COPD

HIGH SEVERITY

Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD grades 3-4, FEV1 <50% predicted). Characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Third leading cause of death globally. Severe disease significantly impairs quality of life and increases mortality.

Global Affected

100.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Severe dyspnea
Chronic cough
Sputum production
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Fatigue
Weight loss
Muscle wasting
Ankle swelling
Morning headaches
Exercise limitation
Frequent exacerbations

Treatment Options

Triple therapy (LAMA/LABA/ICS)
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists
Long-acting beta-agonists
Inhaled corticosteroids
Roflumilast
Oxygen therapy
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Lung volume reduction
Lung transplantation

Risk Factors

1Smoking (primary)
2Secondhand smoke
3Occupational exposures
4Air pollution
5Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
6Childhood respiratory infections
7Asthma
8Low socioeconomic status
9Genetic factors

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Spirometry (FEV1/FVC <0.70)
  • 2Chest X-ray
  • 3CT scan
  • 4Arterial blood gas
  • 5Alpha-1 antitrypsin testing
  • 66-minute walk test
  • 7Assessment of exacerbation frequency

Prognosis

Severe COPD significantly reduces life expectancy. BODE index predicts mortality. Frequent exacerbations accelerate decline. Respiratory failure common. 5-year survival approximately 40-70% depending on severity and comorbidities.

Prevention

  • Smoking cessation (most important)
  • Avoid occupational exposures
  • Air pollution reduction
  • Vaccinations
  • Pulmonary rehabilitation
  • Regular exercise
  • Good nutrition
  • Early treatment of exacerbations

Research Status

Triple therapy (LAMA/LABA/ICS) improves outcomes. Roflumilast for chronic bronchitis phenotype. Triple therapy reduces mortality. Lung volume reduction surgery and endobronchial valves for emphysema. MAC5 inhibitors in development. Stem cell therapy investigational.

Sources

  • https://www.cdc.gov/
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.