DISEASE SCANNER
Global Incurable Diseases Tracker
Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 4-5)
Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over months to years. Stage 4 (eGFR 15-29 mL/min) and Stage 5/end-stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min or dialysis). Requires renal replacement therapy. Leading causes: diabetes and hypertension.
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Symptoms
Treatment Options
Risk Factors
Diagnostic Methods
- 1Serum creatinine and eGFR
- 2Urinalysis
- 3Albumin-to-creatinine ratio
- 4Kidney ultrasound
- 5Kidney biopsy (sometimes)
- 6Blood pressure monitoring
- 7Electrolyte panel
Prognosis
Stage 4: high risk of progression to ESRD within months to few years. Stage 5/ESRD: without dialysis/transplant, survival days to weeks. Dialysis 5-year survival ~50%. Kidney transplant 5-year graft survival ~85-90%.
Prevention
- Diabetes control
- Blood pressure management
- Regular screening for at-risk groups
- Avoid nephrotoxins
- Smoking cessation
- Weight management
- Regular exercise
- Medication review
Research Status
SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) slow progression even in non-diabetic CKD. Finerenone for diabetic kidney disease. Artificial kidney development. Xenotransplantation research. Wearable dialysis devices. Atrasentan for IgA nephropathy.
Affected Countries
Sources
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
- https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases
Medical Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.