DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Chronic Condition

Chronic Kidney Disease (Stages 4-5)

HIGH SEVERITY

The gradual, irreversible loss of kidney function over months to years. Stage 4 (eGFR 15-29 mL/min) and Stage 5/end-stage renal disease (eGFR <15 mL/min or dialysis) require renal replacement therapy. Leading causes: diabetes and hypertension.

Global Affected

850.0M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Fatigue
Edema (swelling)
Dyspnea
Nausea and vomiting
Uremic symptoms (pruritus, confusion)
Anemia
Hyperkalemia

Treatment Options

Medications
Lifestyle modifications
Physical therapy
Dietary changes
Support groups
Complementary therapies
Regular monitoring

Risk Factors

1Age
2Obesity
3Sedentary lifestyle
4Smoking
5Poor diet
6Family history
7Environmental exposures
8Stress

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Clinical evaluation
  • 2Laboratory tests
  • 3Imaging
  • 4Functional assessments
  • 5Patient-reported outcomes
  • 6Screening questionnaires

Prognosis

Chronic conditions require ongoing management. With proper treatment and lifestyle modifications, most patients can maintain good quality of life.

Prevention

  • Healthy lifestyle
  • Regular exercise
  • Balanced diet
  • Stress management
  • Avoidance of toxins
  • Regular health screenings

Research Status

SGLT2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) slow progression. Finerenone (non-steroidal MRA) for CKD with T2DM. Artificial kidney and xenotransplantation research. Dialysis and transplantation for ESRD.

Affected Countries

AustraliaBulgariaBrazilCanadaChileChinaGermanySpainFranceUnited KingdomIndiaItalyJapanNigeriaUnited States

Sources

  • https://www.who.int/chp
  • https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease
  • https://medlineplus.gov/chronicdiseases.html

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.