A clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye, leading to decreased vision. Most commonly age-related but can be congenital or secondary to other conditions. Leading cause of blindness globally but highly treatable.

• 1Visual acuity test
• 2Slit-lamp examination
• 3Retinal exam
• 4Refraction and visual assessment
• 5Contrast sensitivity testing
• 6Glare testing

Excellent with surgery; 95% achieve improved vision. Surgery is most common procedure in older adults. Without surgery: progressive vision loss to blindness.

• UV-protective sunglasses
• Regular eye exams
• Diabetes management
• Smoking cessation
• Healthy diet (antioxidants)
• Limiting alcohol