DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Pulmonary Disease

Bronchiectasis

MODERATE

A chronic lung condition characterized by permanent abnormal dilation and destruction of bronchial walls, leading to impaired mucus clearance, recurrent infections, and progressive lung damage. Often underdiagnosed. Can be post-infectious or associated with underlying conditions.

Global Affected

17.0M

Countries

111

Symptoms

Chronic productive cough
Daily mucus production
Recurrent chest infections
Hemoptysis (blood in sputum)
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Chest pain
Fatigue
Weight loss
Clubbing (fingers/toes)

Treatment Options

Airway clearance techniques
Inhaled antibiotics
Oral antibiotics for exacerbations
Bronchodilators
Inhaled corticosteroids
Macrolide therapy
Mucolytics
Surgery (localized disease)
Lung transplantation (severe)

Risk Factors

1Prior severe lung infection
2Cystic fibrosis
3Primary ciliary dyskinesia
4Immunodeficiency
5Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
6Rheumatoid arthritis
7Inflammatory bowel disease
8Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
9Aspiration
10Toxic inhalation

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1High-resolution CT (gold standard)
  • 2Chest X-ray
  • 3Sputum culture
  • 4Pulmonary function tests
  • 5Bronchoscopy
  • 6Sweat test (rule out CF)
  • 7Immunoglobulin levels
  • 8Aspergillus serology
  • 9Assessment for underlying cause

Prognosis

Variable; depends on severity, underlying cause, and frequency of exacerbations. Quality of life often significantly impaired. Accelerated lung function decline. Mortality increased, especially with frequent exacerbations.

Prevention

  • Treat underlying cause
  • Airway clearance
  • Vaccinations (influenza, pneumococcal)
  • Smoking cessation
  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Avoid environmental irritants
  • Nutritional support

Research Status

Inhaled antibiotics (tobramycin, colistin, aztreonam) reduce exacerbations. Bronchodilators for associated airflow limitation. Macrolides (azithromycin) for anti-inflammatory effect. Airway clearance techniques essential. CFTR modulators for bronchiectasis with CFTR dysfunction.

Sources

  • https://www.lung.org
  • https://www.cdc.gov/
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.