DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Hepatologic Disease

Autoimmune Hepatitis

HIGH SEVERITY

A chronic liver disease in which the immune system attacks the liver, causing inflammation and potentially leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Can occur at any age, more common in women. Often associated with other autoimmune conditions.

Global Affected

500.0K

Countries

19

Symptoms

Fatigue
Jaundice
Abdominal discomfort
Joint pain
Nausea
Loss of appetite
Dark urine
Pruritus (itching)

Treatment Options

Prednisone (induction)
Azathioprine (maintenance)
Budesonide (alternative to prednisone)
Mycophenolate mofetil
Calcineurin inhibitors
Liver transplantation

Risk Factors

1Female sex (3-4:1 ratio)
2Age (two peaks: 10-20 and 40-50)
3Family history of autoimmune disease
4Other autoimmune conditions
5Certain HLA types (DR3, DR4)
6European ancestry

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Liver function tests (elevated AST/ALT)
  • 2Autoantibodies (ANA, SMA, anti-LKM1)
  • 3IgG levels (elevated)
  • 4Liver biopsy (interface hepatitis)
  • 5Exclusion of viral hepatitis
  • 6Scoring systems (IAIHG)

Prognosis

Good with treatment; 10-year survival >90%. 80-90% achieve remission with standard therapy. Without treatment, 40% mortality at 6 months in severe cases. Cirrhosis develops in 10-20% despite treatment.

Prevention

  • No primary prevention
  • Avoid hepatotoxic drugs
  • Alcohol moderation
  • Vaccination (hepatitis A and B)
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Corticosteroids (prednisone) plus azathioprine induce remission in 80-90%. Lifelong immunosuppression usually required. Liver transplantation for fulminant failure or end-stage disease.

Sources

  • https://www.liverfoundation.org/for-patients/about-the-liver/diseases-of-the-liver/autoimmune-hepatitis
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459362
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.