DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Hematologic Disorder

Aplastic Anemia

HIGH SEVERITY

A rare serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells (pancytopenia). Can be idiopathic, autoimmune, or caused by toxins, radiation, or certain medications. Median age of onset 25 years.

Global Affected

200.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Fatigue and weakness
Shortness of breath
Pale skin
Frequent infections
Easy bruising
Nosebleeds
Prolonged bleeding
Dizziness

Treatment Options

Transfusions
Iron supplementation
Vitamin supplementation
Erythropoietin
Immunosuppressants
Chemotherapy
Stem cell transplant
Gene therapy

Risk Factors

1Genetic mutations
2Family history
3Autoimmune disease
4Nutritional deficiencies
5Chronic disease
6Medications
7Environmental exposures

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Complete blood count
  • 2Peripheral smear
  • 3Bone marrow biopsy
  • 4Coagulation studies
  • 5Hemoglobin electrophoresis
  • 6Flow cytometry
  • 7Genetic testing

Prognosis

Severe untreated: 3-6 month survival. With immunosuppression: 70-80% response rate, 5-year survival 70-80%. Transplant: 80-90% long-term survival with matched sibling donor. Clonal evolution to MDS/leukemia risk 10-15%.

Prevention

  • Genetic counseling
  • Nutritional adequacy
  • Avoidance of triggers
  • Vaccinations
  • Regular monitoring
  • Family screening

Research Status

Immunosuppressive therapy (ATG, cyclosporine) for non-severe cases. Young patients: allogeneic stem cell transplant curative. Eltrombopag approved for refractory cases. Supportive care with transfusions.

Sources

  • https://www.hematology.org
  • https://medlineplus.gov/blooddiseases.html
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.