DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Autoimmune Disease

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

HIGH SEVERITY

An autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent blood clots (thrombosis), pregnancy complications, and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Can occur alone (primary) or with other autoimmune diseases (secondary, usually lupus). Affects approximately 1-5 per 100,000 people.

Global Affected

5.0M

Countries

30

Symptoms

Blood clots in legs (DVT)
Blood clots in lungs (PE)
Stroke
Heart attack
Recurrent miscarriages
Preeclampsia
Livedo reticularis (skin pattern)
Low platelet count
Prolonged bleeding
Transient ischemic attacks
Cognitive dysfunction
Seizures
Kidney problems

Treatment Options

Warfarin (anticoagulation)
Low molecular weight heparin
Low-dose aspirin
Hydroxychloroquine
Corticosteroids (low platelets)
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Rituximab (refractory cases)
Direct oral anticoagulants
Fondaparinux
Compression stockings
Pregnancy monitoring
Lifestyle modifications

Risk Factors

1Female gender
2Age 20-40 (primary APS)
3Systemic lupus erythematosus
4Other autoimmune diseases
5Family history
6Genetic factors
7Infections (triggers)
8Medications (procainamide, hydralazine)

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Lupus anticoagulant test
  • 2Anticardiolipin antibody test
  • 3Anti-beta2 glycoprotein I antibody
  • 4Complete blood count
  • 5Coagulation studies
  • 6Pregnancy testing
  • 7Imaging (Doppler, CT)
  • 8Clinical criteria evaluation

Prognosis

Variable. Lifelong anticoagulation often required. Pregnancy possible with careful management. Recurrent thrombosis risk high. Catastrophic APS rare but life-threatening. Quality of life good with treatment. Life expectancy near normal with management. Complications preventable with therapy.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Lifelong anticoagulation if thrombosis
  • Smoking cessation
  • Regular exercise
  • Weight management
  • Avoid oral contraceptives
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Genetic counseling limited

Research Status

Lifelong anticoagulation (warfarin, heparin) for thrombotic APS. Low-dose aspirin for obstetric APS. Hydroxychloroquine may reduce thrombosis risk. Close monitoring during pregnancy. Novel anticoagulants being studied. Catastrophic APS requires intensive treatment. Lifelong management required.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/antiphospholipid-syndrome
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.