DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Neurological Disease

Alzheimer's Disease

HIGH SEVERITY

A progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Risk increases significantly with age, though not a normal part of aging.

Global Affected

55.0M

Countries

15

Symptoms

Memory loss
Confusion
Difficulty speaking/writing
Mood and personality changes
Disorientation
Behavioral changes
Difficulty with daily tasks

Treatment Options

Medications
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Surgical interventions
Deep brain stimulation
Rehabilitation
Supportive care

Risk Factors

1Age
2Family history
3Genetic mutations
4Head trauma
5Vascular disease
6Environmental exposures
7Infections
8Autoimmune disease

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Neurological examination
  • 2MRI/CT imaging
  • 3EEG
  • 4EMG/NCV
  • 5Lumbar puncture
  • 6Genetic testing
  • 7Neuropsychological testing

Prognosis

Early-stage patients maintain independence for 2-4 years. Mild-to-moderate stage lasts 2-10 years with gradual cognitive decline. Severe stage typically 1-3 years with complete dependency. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine provide modest 6-12 month stabilization. Early diagnosis and intervention can delay nursing home placement by 1-2 years. Average survival from diagnosis is 4-8 years (range 3-20 years). Cardiovascular risk management slows progression.

Prevention

  • Head protection
  • Cardiovascular health
  • Cognitive stimulation
  • Physical exercise
  • Healthy diet
  • Avoidance of toxins
  • Regular monitoring

Research Status

Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies FDA-approved: Lecanemab (Leqembi) and Donanemab show promise in slowing early-stage progression. Aduhelm (aducanumab) discontinued. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for symptom management.

Sources

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539800
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.