DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Dermatologic Condition

Alopecia Areata

LOW SEVERITY

An autoimmune condition causing patchy hair loss, typically on the scalp, but can affect any hair-bearing area. Occurs when immune system attacks hair follicles. Can progress to total hair loss (alopecia totalis) or universalis.

Global Affected

147.0M

Countries

19

Symptoms

Patchy hair loss
Smooth, round bald patches
Nail changes (pitting)
Tingling/itching before hair loss
Sudden onset
Hair regrowth may be white initially

Treatment Options

Intralesional corticosteroids
Topical corticosteroids
Topical immunotherapy (DPCP, SADBE)
Oral corticosteroids
JAK inhibitors (baricitinib, ritlecitinib)
Minoxidil
Anthralin
Phototherapy
Wigs/camouflage

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Other autoimmune diseases
3Stress (possible trigger)
4Age (any, but common before 30)
5Atopic conditions
6Thyroid disease

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Clinical diagnosis
  • 2Physical examination
  • 3Hair pull test
  • 4Dermoscopy
  • 5Biopsy (rarely needed)
  • 6Thyroid function tests

Prognosis

Variable and unpredictable. Limited patches often regrow spontaneously. Extensive disease more resistant. Recurrence common. Not life-threatening but psychologically distressing. New treatments (JAK inhibitors) offering hope.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Stress management may help
  • Early treatment
  • Support groups
  • Counseling for psychological impact

Research Status

Corticosteroids (topical, intralesional, oral) first-line. JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib) showing excellent results. Baricitinib and ritlecitinib FDA approved. Contact immunotherapy for extensive disease. Biologics research promising.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoIndiaChinaRussiaSwedenNetherlandsNorwayFinlandDenmark

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alopecia-areata
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.