DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Gastroenterologic Disease

Acute Pancreatitis

HIGH SEVERITY

Sudden inflammation of the pancreas, usually mild and self-limiting but can be life-threatening. Most commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol. Presents with severe abdominal pain. Can lead to pancreatic necrosis, organ failure, or pseudocysts.

Global Affected

3.5M

Countries

89

Symptoms

Severe upper abdominal pain
Pain radiating to back
Nausea/vomiting
Fever
Rapid pulse
Tenderness on palpation
Abdominal distension
Low blood pressure (severe)

Treatment Options

IV fluid resuscitation
Pain management
Nutritional support
ERCP (obstructive)
Antibiotics (infected necrosis)
Surgical debridement
Minimally invasive necrosectomy
Gallbladder removal (once resolved)

Risk Factors

1Gallstones
2Alcohol use
3High triglycerides
4Medications
5Abdominal trauma
6Infections
7Genetic mutations
8ERCP procedure
9Hypercalcemia
10Obesity

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Serum lipase (elevated)
  • 2Serum amylase
  • 3Abdominal CT scan
  • 4Abdominal ultrasound
  • 5MRCP
  • 6Ranson criteria
  • 7APACHE II score
  • 8BISAP score

Prognosis

80% mild, self-limiting. Mortality 1-5% for mild, up to 20-30% for severe. Predicted by scoring systems. Recurrence common if cause not addressed (cholecystectomy for gallstones, alcohol cessation).

Prevention

  • Gallstone management
  • Alcohol moderation/cessation
  • Triglyceride control
  • Avoid causative medications
  • Weight management
  • Prompt cholecystectomy after gallstone pancreatitis

Research Status

Supportive care mainstay: IV fluids, pain control, nutritional support. ERCP for gallstone pancreatitis with obstruction. Antibiotics only if infected necrosis. Surgery for infected necrosis (step-up approach). Most cases resolve spontaneously.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pancreatitis
  • https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis
  • https://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15866-pancreatitis

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.