DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Hematologic Disorder

Acute Chest Syndrome

HIGH SEVERITY

Life-threatening complication of sickle cell disease characterized by fever, chest pain, hypoxia, and pulmonary infiltrates. Leading cause of death and hospitalization in sickle cell patients. Can be triggered by infection, fat embolism, or asthma.

Global Affected

50.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Fever
Chest pain
Cough
Shortness of breath
Hypoxia
Wheezing
Tachycardia
Pleuritic pain

Treatment Options

Supplemental oxygen
Exchange transfusion
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Pain management
Incentive spirometry
Hydroxyurea (prevention)

Risk Factors

1Sickle cell disease
2Asthma
3Recent surgery
4Infections
5Hypoventilation
6Fat embolism

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Chest X-ray
  • 2Blood cultures
  • 3Sputum cultures
  • 4Oxygen saturation monitoring
  • 5Complete blood count
  • 6Reticulocyte count

Prognosis

Mortality 1-3% with modern treatment. 10-15% of sickle cell patients experience ACS annually. Recurrence common without hydroxyurea. Prompt exchange transfusion reduces mortality. Neurological complications can occur from hypoxia. Prevention with incentive spirometry and vaccination reduces incidence.

Prevention

  • Hydroxyurea therapy
  • Incentive spirometry
  • Vaccinations
  • Avoiding high altitude
  • Smoking cessation
  • Good asthma control

Research Status

Exchange transfusion for severe cases. Supplemental oxygen, antibiotics, bronchodilators. Incentive spirometry for prevention. Hydroxyurea reduces recurrence. Early recognition and treatment critical.

Affected Countries

United StatesUnited KingdomCanadaAustraliaGermanyFranceItalySpainJapanBrazilMexicoNigeriaSouth AfricaIndiaChina

Sources

  • https://www.hematology.org
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1377
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.