DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Endocrine Disorder

Acromegaly

MODERATE

A hormonal disorder caused by excessive growth hormone production from a pituitary adenoma, usually after puberty. Causes gradual enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly hands, feet, and face.

Global Affected

600.0K

Countries

15

Symptoms

Enlarged hands and feet
Facial changes (prognathism)
Joint pain
Headaches
Thickened skin
Sleep apnea
Vision problems
Carpal tunnel syndrome

Treatment Options

Hormone replacement
Hormone suppression
Medications
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Lifestyle modifications
Regular monitoring

Risk Factors

1Family history
2Autoimmune disease
3Age
4Obesity
5Genetic mutations
6Iodine deficiency/excess
7Medications
8Pituitary tumors

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Hormone level testing
  • 2Imaging (CT, MRI, ultrasound)
  • 3Stimulation/suppression tests
  • 4Autoantibody testing
  • 5Genetic testing

Prognosis

Transsphenoidal surgery achieves biochemical remission in 60-80% of microadenomas, 40-50% of macroadenomas. Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide) normalize IGF-1 in 40-60%. Pegvisomant is highly effective for resistant cases. Mortality normalizes with biochemical control. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory comorbidities improve with treatment. Colonoscopy surveillance recommended due to increased polyp/cancer risk. Regular monitoring of IGF-1 and growth hormone levels essential.

Prevention

  • Screening for at-risk individuals
  • Iodine sufficiency
  • Avoidance of trigger medications
  • Genetic counseling
  • Lifestyle modifications

Research Status

Transsphenoidal surgery first-line. Somatostatin analogs (octreotide, lanreotide) and GH receptor antagonist (pegvisomant) effective. Dopamine agonists for some. Radiation therapy for residual disease.

Affected Countries

AustraliaBrazilCanadaChileGermanySpainFranceUnited KingdomIndiaItalyJapanMexicoRussiaUnited StatesSouth Africa

Sources

  • https://www.endocrine.org
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278949
  • https://www.hematology.org/education/patients
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.