DISEASE SCANNER

Global Incurable Diseases Tracker

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Gastroenterologic Disease

Achalasia

MODERATE

A rare esophageal motility disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax and the esophagus lacks normal peristalsis. Causes difficulty swallowing and regurgitation. Degeneration of nerve cells in esophagus.

Global Affected

1.5M

Countries

19

Symptoms

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Regurgitation of undigested food
Chest pain
Heartburn
Cough
Aspiration
Weight loss
Hiccups

Treatment Options

Pneumatic dilation
Heller myotomy
POEM (peroral endoscopic myotomy)
Botulinum toxin injection
Calcium channel blockers
Nitrates
PPIs for reflux
Esophagectomy (severe cases)

Risk Factors

1Age (25-60)
2No clear genetic pattern
3Possible autoimmune component
4Viral infections (theorized)
5Degenerative nerve changes

Diagnostic Methods

  • 1Barium swallow (bird's beak appearance)
  • 2Esophageal manometry
  • 3Upper endoscopy
  • 4CT scan (rule out pseudoachalasia)
  • 5Timed barium swallow

Prognosis

Treatable but not curable. Treatments improve symptoms but esophageal function remains abnormal. May require repeat treatments. Risk of esophageal cancer increased (surveillance recommended). Quality of life significantly improved with treatment.

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Early diagnosis and treatment
  • Regular surveillance for esophageal cancer
  • Manage reflux symptoms

Research Status

Pneumatic dilation and Heller myotomy most effective treatments. POEM (peroral endoscopic myotomy) increasingly popular minimally invasive option. Botulinum toxin for poor surgical candidates. Calcium channel blockers and nitrates provide temporary relief.

Sources

  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achalasia
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
  • https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions
  • https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org

Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult healthcare professionals for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment.